Properties
Temperature is a thermodynamic property that determines the level of thermal energy associated with the motion and vibration of the particles that make up a given system/object. At the temperature of absolute zero (0K or -273.15 degrees C), all motion of the particles ceases and they then form a system with the lowest possible energy. We will strictly determine the temperature only for a system in thermodynamic equilibrium. The temperature is measured with a thermometer. However, it must be remembered that the thermometer measures its own temperature, so when constructing such a measuring instrument, care must be taken to ensure that it is as consistent as possible with the temperature of the object or environment being measured.
Wpływ na zdrowie
Conclusions on the impact of ambient temperature on human health were made based on the WHO document “Housing and Health Guidelines.”
- Cold air inhibits blood circulation, causes vasospasm and increased blood pressure contributing to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular spasms, coronary heart disease, strokes and even death;
- High temperatures and their significant fluctuations harm human health, and the response to changes depends on the individual susceptibility of the body and its ability to cool down;
- People are able to get used to increased temperatures, but not to their frequent and significant fluctuations;
- Excessively high indoor temperatures contribute to increased lung function, resulting in increased carbon dioxide excretion, which can lead to sleep disorders, increased blood pressure, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
Standards
The standards for indoor temperatures were developed based on the WHO document “Housing and Health Guidelines.”
- In countries with colder climates, the recommended indoor temperature is 18℃ ;
- A higher temperature than 18℃ is necessary for the elderly, particularly sensitive people, children, people with chronic diseases and respiratory and circulatory diseases,
- It is not possible to standardize the maximum temperature inside a room, since the organism’s preferences depend on the region and climate in which it lives.
